Engineering Insights

Physics Before Prediction

Explore technical articles, computational studies, and engineering perspectives across CFD, coupled physics simulation, thermal and process engineering, optimization, and Neural Operators.

Engineering Case Studies

Engineering Case Studies

Applied studies that connect a physical system, a modeling approach, and an engineering conclusion.

Reactor-scale view with inlet, catalyst chemistry, and outlet products
Reaction Kinetics

Can RMG Show What Really Happens on a Catalyst?

M² Engineering

Exploring biogas bi-reforming over nickel with the Reaction Mechanism Generator

Biogas bi-reforming reactor with a heated packed catalyst bed
Bi-Reforming

Can We Predict a Biogas Bi-Reforming Reactor from First Principles?

M² Engineering

From Molecules to Reactor Prediction

Baseline reactor architectures used in the comparison: seven externally heated packed tubes and one packed bed with seven distributed electrical heaters
Electrified Reactors

External or Internal Heating? A Physics-Based Comparison of Electrified Biogas Bi-Reforming Reactors

M² Engineering

What heated area, thermal distance, and reactor packaging reveal beyond heater location

Ammonia adsorption heat pump model showing conservation-law based energy and mass balances
Physics-First Modeling

Engineering Intelligence Begins with Conservation Laws, Not Software

M² Engineering

An ammonia adsorption heat pump model that starts from conservation laws to clarify energy and mass balances before software choices.

Design-space map for an electrified ammonia cracking reactor
AI-Assisted Engineering

Mapping the Design Space of an Electrified Ammonia Cracking Reactor

M² Engineering

A surrogate trained on 103 high-fidelity reactor simulations was then used to evaluate about 7,500 design points inside a defined parameter space.

Externally heated catalytic ammonia cracking reactor model
Reactor Thermal Management

Why Raising Temperature Alone Does Not Solve Ammonia Cracking

M² Engineering

Why temperature alone does not fix ammonia cracking: reactor sizing, conversion, and energy demand must be treated together.

Radial-manifold cooling architecture for a semiconductor wafer
Thermal Management

Semiconductor Wafer Cooling

M² Engineering

Compares wafer cooling architectures for plasma-induced hotspots and shows how manifold design affects temperature uniformity on 300 mm wafers.

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